ABSTRACT
Aim To study the preventative effects of noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning ( NDLIP) on sudden cardiac death in rats with myocar-dial infarction. Methods Thirty healthy SD male rats weighting ( 250 ± 10 ) g were randomly divided into 3 groups:① myocardial infarction ( MI ) group: animal model of MI was established by making surgical ligation of animal LAD. ② MI plus NDLIP group: after the success of the animal model of MI, NDLIP was carried out every other day until 4th week. ③Sham group:as the negative control group, animals were taken heart LAD threading but no ligation. All rats were fed con-ventionally. At the end of 4 weeks, three groups of rats were administered with metaraminol ( 0. 2 mg · min-1 ) . ECG, drug cumulant of sudden death and death onset time were recorded. After sudden death, blood samples were withdrawn from abdominal aorta and serum was separated via centrifugation. ELISA method was used to measure serum caspase-3 , HSP70 and SOD concentration. Results While metaraminol led animal cardiac sudden death, the rats heart rate ( HR) kept declining with the increase of dosage of metaraminol during the administration period. Rat HR of MI+NDLIP group [ ( 479 ± 8 ) vs ( 416 ± 19 ) beat ·min-1 , ( 446 ± 32 ) vs ( 370 ± 20 ) beat · min-1 , (376 ± 53) vs (305 ± 29) beat·min-1, (307 ± 63) vs (244 ± 33) beat·min-1, (283 ± 45) vs (121 ± 35 ) beat · min-1 , P <0. 01 ] was markedly higher than that of MI group at 0 , 5 , 10 , 30 , 50 min before death. Compared with MI group, drugs cumulant to sudden death and death onset time of MI + NDLIP group [ ( 14. 58 ± 3. 03 ) vs ( 10. 76 ± 2. 73 ) mg, (72. 9 ± 15. 2 ) vs ( 53. 8 ± 13. 6 ) min, P <0. 01 ] were significantly increased. Compared with MI group, serum caspase-3 content of MI+NDLIP group was sig-nificantly reduced [ ( 2. 01 ± 0. 52 ) vs ( 2. 34 ± 0. 38 )μg·L-1 , P<0. 01 ]; HSP70 levels were remarkably increased [ ( 3. 01 ± 0. 58 ) vs ( 2. 70 ± 0. 43 ) μg · L-1 , P <0. 05 ]; SOD levels were significantly im-proved [(1. 99 ± 0. 65) vs (1. 70 ± 0. 58) mg·L-1, P<0. 01 ] . Conclusion NDLIP can prevent sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction in rats, which may be mediated by reducing the myocardial cell apop-tosis, increasing protective protein expression and en-hancing antioxidant capacity.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of low dose lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) preconditioning on prevention of incision infection by drug-resistant bacteria.Methods Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) suspension with concentration of 1.8 ×109 CFU/mL was prepared.Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (12 in each group, half male and half female).A medical longitudinal incision of the right thigh was made in mice in group 1-4, and 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0 mL bacteria suspension was dropped on the surface of the incision and the incision was observed 4d after the model established.Group 5 was the blank control.Then 112 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 7 groups ( each group had sixteen mice, half male and half female ): group A ( preconditioned with LPS 0.25 mg· kg-1· time-1), group B ( preconditioned with LPS 0.5 mg · kg-1 · time-1 ), group C (preconditioned with LPS 1 mg· kg-1 · time-1 ), group D (preconditioned with LPS 1.5 mg· kg-1 · time-1 ) , group E ( preconditioned with sterile normal saline) , group F ( incision infected) , and group G ( blank control) .LPS was given by intraperitoneal injection 48 h and 24 h before the establishing of the infection model.Body temperature was monitored every day after the model established, blood routine examination was performed on d3 and d7, and serum cytokines was detected on d7.All the mice were sacrificed on d7, and soft tissues around the incision were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining.Repeated measures ANOVA and univariate ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Results Redness and suppuration were observed in 6 mice infected with 0.5 mL bacteria suspension, respectively, then 0.5 mL bacteria suspension was used for LPS preconditioning experiments.With LPS preconditioning, the body temperatures of mice in group B were with relatively minor changes, and the rises of white blood cells and lymphocytes on d3 and d7 were relatively modest.Granulocytes in group B returned to the normal level on d7.Besides, the rises of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αin group B were also less, while IL-10 was increased greatly.Suppuration was observed in 4 mice in group B ( 4/16, 25.00%), and the rate was lower than group D, E and F (χ2 =7.988, 19.940 and 19.940,P<0.01). Conclusion LPS (0.5 mg· kg-1 · time-1 ) preconditioning can reduce the severity of incision infection caused by MRSA in mice.
ABSTRACT
The use of tetrazolium test is important in the evaluation of seeds lot quality and it has been adopted for vigor and viability identification for several species. The interest on the production of oil radish is increasing since the seeds were considered a good source of oil for biofuel production. The development of the tetrazolium test methodology for seeds of this species can improve the seed quality control process, and additionally will provide information for the characterization of remaining seeds (dead or dormant) in the germination tests. To verify the ideal conditions to tetrazolium test was conducted two experiments. At the first, oil radish seeds cultivar CATI AL-1000, lots from 2001 and 2006 were submitted to imbibition between paper in water for 6 hours. After the longitudinal cut in the longest direction, the seeds were immersed in the tetrazolium solution at the concentrations of 0,075%, 0,5% and 1% at 25°C for 3h, 12h and 18h. In the second experiment, oil radish seeds cultivar CATI AL-1000 lot from 2005 and IPR 116 cultivar, lots from 2004 and 2005 were immersed in the concentrations of ,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% and 0,4% of tetrazolium solution for 12 hours at a 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C. At the first experiment was observed the necessity of test intermediate concentrations between 0,075% and 0,5%, since with 0,075% the seeds stained weakly and with 0,5% the test results, were overestimated. In the second experiment was observed that the 0,3% concentration at 30°C can be recommended for the utilization of tetrazolium test to evaluation of oil radish seeds viability.
A utilização do teste de tetrazólio é importante na avaliação da qualidade de lotes de sementes e vem sendo adotado para várias espécies na identificação do vigor e viabilidade. A adequação da metodologia do teste de tetrazólio para sementes de nabo forrageiro, espécie que vem se destacando como fonte de óleo para produção de biocombustíveis, poderia melhorar o processo de controle de qualidade. Além disso, a utilização do teste poderá fornecer subsídios para identificação de sementes remanescentes (mortas e dormentes) nos testes de germinação. Para verificar as condições ideais para a realização do teste de tetrazólio, em um 1º experimento as sementes de nabo forrageiro da cultivar CATI AL-1000, lotes de 2001 e 2006, foram submetidas à embebição entre papel em água por 6 horas. Após corte longitudinal no maior sentido as sementes foram imersas nas concentrações de 0,075%; 0,5% e 1,0% de solução de tetrazólio a 25ºC por 3 h, 12 h e 18 horas. Em um 2º experimento sementes de nabo forrageiro da cultivar CATI AL-1000, lote de 2005 e cultivar IPR 116 lotes de 2004 e 2005, foram imersas nas concentrações de 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% e 0,4% de solução de tetrazólio a 25°C, 30°C, 35°C e 40°C por 12 horas. Pelo 1º experimento foram observados a necessidade de testar concentrações intermediárias entre 0,075% e 0,5%, visto que, com 0,075% as sementes coloriram fracamente e com 0,5% os resultados do teste foram superestimados. No 2º experimento observou-se que a concentração 0,3% a 30°C pode ser recomendada para utilização no teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de nabo forrageiro.
Subject(s)
Quality Control , Seeds , Plant Oils , Raphanus , Brassica napusABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of Heat shock protein 70 induced by hypoxic precondition on apoptosis of the remnant livers after the hepatectomy of transplanted hepatic cancer models in SD rants and it's possible mechanisms.Methods Sixty SD rats of transplanted hepatic cancer models were divided into group A (sham operation group),group B (IR + hepatectomy group),and group C (hypoxia precondition + IR + hepatectomy group),with 20 rats in each group.C group was given 10％ oxygen atmosphere for 90 minutes before operation,In 15 minutes of hepatic vascular occlusion with pringle method,Left lateral of liver which tumor was located was resected.At 1,8,12,24 hours after operation,Five rats of each group were killed respectively,then the remnant liver tissues were sampled to measured the hepatocytes apoptosis rate with flow cytometry,expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bax were detected by Western blotting.The serum AST and ALT activities were measured by an automatic analyzer.The histological changes of the hepatocytes were also observed by optical microscopy.All the data were statistically analyzed.Results (1) Compared with A and B group,the HSP70 expression increased obviously in C group at each time point (all P ＜ 0.05).The protein showed a weak expression in group A and B group,while the index had no significant differences between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) In B group compared with A group,the expression of Bax and the hepatocytes apoptosis rate were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜0.05).However,amplitudes of the above changes in C group were significantly lower than those of B group (all P ＜ 0.05).(3)The liver function was improved in group HP.The pathological examination showed that the liver tissues in A group were general normal and in C group were showed mild changes,but in B group presented evident pathological changes.Conclusions HP can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury after the hepatectomy of transplanted hepatic cancer models in SD rants,one of possible mechanisms is that HP can induce HSP70 expression at great intensity,which may decrease expression of Bax protein and the apoptosis of hepatocytes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the biological properties of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) which were preconditioned with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (Vardenfil). Methods hAMSCs were in vitro isolated and cultured, hAMSCs were pre-treated with vardenfil in final concentration of 10 μmol/L. The morphology of Vard-hAMSCs was observed, and the immunological characteristics, proliferative capacity, and ability of anti-oxidative damage of hAMSCs and Vard-hAMSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Double labeling immunofluorescent staining was used to count the differences of differential potential between neural cells of hAMSCs and Vard-hAMSCs. Results (1)Flow cytometry revealed that both hAMSCs and Vard-hAMSCs positively expressed CD90、CD105 and CD73, and negatively expressed CD34、CD45、CD11b and HLA-DR. The SPF and PI in Vard-hAMSCs group were (0.57 ± 0.40)% and (2.20 ± 1.60)% respectively, there was no statistical significance compared with hAMSCs group; (2)After 4 hours treated by H2O2, the apoptosis rate in Vard-hAMSCs group were (7.67 ± 0.82)%,which were markedly lower than that in the hAMSCs group and specific blocker group; (3)Under the same induction condition, positive rates of MAP-2 and GFAP in Vard-hAMSCs group were (49.8 ± 6.42)%and (55.2 ± 6.10)% respectively detected by double labeling immunofluorescent staining, which were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion The strategy that hAMSCs are treated with vandenfil can enrich the ability of anti-oxidative damage and the differential potential for neural cells in a certain time, and the morphology, immunological characteristics, proliferative capacity of Vard-hAMSCs have no significant change. It suggests that pre-treatment with vandenfil may provide a optimized experimental strategey for hAMSCs which were used to treat nervous system disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the role of stress in myocardial protection of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Methods:hTirty rabbits were randomly divided into an IPC group, an etomidate (Etom) group, an ischemic/reperfusion (IR) group, a methylprednisolone (MP) group and a sham group. hTe ratio of infarction size versus risk area (infarct/risk) was calculated. hTe elevations of the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations as well as the serum cortisol concentrations were measured. Results:hTe percentages of infarct/risk in the IPC group, the MP group, the IR group, and the Etom group were (5.86±2.81)%, (11.28±3.62)%, (26.79±4.53)%, and (18.19±3.72)%, respectively. The elevations of the serum CK activity in the IPC group, the MP group, the IR group, and the Etom group were (255±89), (314±160), (855±371), and (768±404) U/L, respectively. hTe elevations of serum cTnI concentrations in the IPC group, the MP group, the IR group, and the Etom group were (3.6±0.6),(6.1±2.2), (8.1±3.6), and (6.4±1.6)μg/L, respectively. Those indicators among the groups were signiifcantly different (P Conclusion: A blunted cortisol reaction can markedly reduce the benefit of IPC while methylprednisolone shows cardioprotective effects, suggesting that stress might be involved in the myocardial protection of IPC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of precondition with Toll-like receptor 4 monoclonal antibody (TLR4mAb) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced acute lung injury in mice.Methods A total of 45 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group ( group C),the sepsis group (group S) and the pretreatment group (group P).Mice in the group P and group S were injected intraperitoneally with LPS ( 10 mg/kg) to produce acute lung injury models.Mice in the group P was injected intraperitoneally with TLR4mAb (5 μg/g) 1 h before the injection of LPS.Expression of TLR4mRNA in lung tissue,expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum,water content of lung,and the pathomorphologic changes of lung were detected after 6 h,12 h and 24 h.One-way ANOVA was used for inter-group comparison and two-way ANOVA was used for intra-group comparison.Results Compared to group C,water content significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h in group S and group P; compared to group S,water content significantly decreased in group P at 12 h and 24 h.Compared to group C,the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased in group S and group P at 6 h,12 h and 24 h; compared to group S,the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α significantly decreased at 6 h,12 h and 24 h in group P.Compared to group C,the expression of TLR4 mRNA increased significantly in group S and group P at 6 h,12 h and 24 h; compared to group S,the expression of TLR4 mRNA decreased significantly in group P at6 h,12 h and 24 h.Compared to group S,pathological damage of the lung was improved significantly in group P.Conclusions Precondition with TLR4mAb can attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury,suppress the expression of inflammatory factors.Regulation of TLR4 pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for ALI.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a stress ulcer model by seawater immersion and restriction in rats, and to investigate the mechanism of preconditioning on stress ulcer and the effect of different stressing periods on the ulcer. Methods: A total of 60 male Wistar rats were equally divided into 6 groups, namely, the normal control group (Group A), direct stress group(Group B), precondition group I (Group C), precondition group II (Group S), precondition group III (Group E), and ranitidine group (Group F). Precondition peroids of C,D,E groups were 0.5 h/d, 1 h/d, and 1 h/d, respectively, for 5 days. Stress time in E group was 10 h,and in B,C,D,and F groups were 8 h. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the sets levels of endothelin (ET) and 6-dk-dPGF1α in rats. Ulcer index was calculated by Guth method; the ulcer lesion tissues were collected for further pathological examination. Results: The sera ET levels in group C, D and F were lower than those in group B(P<0.01,P< 0.05,and P<0.01, respectively). The sera 6-dk-dPGF1α levels in group C, D and F were significantly higher than those in group B(P<0.01,P<0.05,and P<0.01, respectively). The ulcer indices in group C, D and F were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.01,P<0.05,and P<0.01, respectively). The pathological results were improved in group C, D, and F compared with those in group B. Conclusion: Preconditioning can effectively reduce the rat stress ulcer,but long-time stressing may offset the protective effect of precondition.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of remifentanil preconditioning on liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: Forty-eight healthy adult SD rats, weighing 200-300 g, were divided into 4 groups: ischemic reperfusion group(I/R), ischemic preconditioning group(IPC), sham operation group(Sham), and remifentanil preconditioning group(RPC). The RPC group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the dose of remifentanil: 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 (RPC1 group), 1 μg·kg-1·min-1 (RPC2 group), and 10 μg·kg-1·min-1 (RPC3 group). All rats except for those in the sham group were subjected to ischemia for 45 min and followed by reperfusion for 2 hours. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and liver homogenate levels of MDA, SOD were determined. H-E staining was used to observe the hepatic histopathological changes and TUNEL staining was used to examine hepatocyte apoptosis. Results: In I/R and RPC1 group, serum ALT and AST were significantly increased; hepatic homogenate MDA content was increased and SOD content was decreased, accompanied by aggravated pathological injury; TUNEL staining showed large amount of apoptotic cells. Compared with I/R and RPC1 groups, serum ALT and AST levels in IPC, RPC2, and RPC3 groups were significantly decreased after liver ischemia and reperfusion, accompanied by decreased homogenate MDA level, increased SOD level, and improved pathological injury. TUNEL staining showed much less apoptotic hepatocytes in IPC, RPC2, and RPC3 groups compared with I/R and RPC1 groups. No obvious changes in histopathology or in other parameters were observed in the sham group. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with remifentanil, like ischemic precondition, can protect liver from ischemia and reperfusion injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the apoptosis expression of intestinal mucosa during the different periods of ischemia-reperfusion injury in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Method Rats were subjected to ischemia for 60 min by clamping superior mesenteric artery, and then had reperfusion for 60 min by unclamping. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R), pre-emptive HBO or HBO treatment before ischemia (HBO-P) group, HBO treatment during ischemia period (HBO-I) group, and HBO treatment during reperfusion (HBO-R) group. After reperfusion for 60 min, samples of small intestine tissue were taken from the end portion of ileum for detecting the levels of ATP by using colorimetric method and the levels of caspase-3 by using immunochemistry. The levels of TNF-α in intestinal tissue were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method ( ELISA). All values were expressed in Mean ± Standard Deviation (x ± s). The different groups were compared among them with SNK- q test of OneWay analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA plus SNK). Results The levels of TNF-α in HBO-I group were significantly lower than that in HBO-P group ( P ＜ 0.05), and significantly lower in HBO-P group than those in HBO-R or I/R groups ( P ＜ 0.05), and there was no significant difference in TNF-α between HBO-R and I/R group ( P ＞ 0.05). The levels of caspase-3 were significantly lower in HBO-I group than those in HBO-P group ( P ＜ 0. 05), and also significantly lower in HBO-P group than those in I/R or HBO-R groups ( P ＜ O. 05), and no significant difference caspase-3 was found between HBO-R and I/R groups. The ATP levels were significantly lower in HBO-I group than those in HBO- P group ( P ＜ 0. 05), and also significantly lower in HBO- P group than those in I/R or HBO-R group ( P ＜ 0.05), and no significant difference in ATP level between in HBO-R and I/R group. Conclusions There was a connection between HBO and small intestinal I/R injury as well as mucosal cell apoptosis. And HBO maintained ATP and aerobic metabolism, and inhibited the genesis of TNF-α, and thus in turn prevented intestinal mucosa cell from apoptosis. The best result was obtained when HBO was administered during ischemia period, and there was no effect found when HBO was employed during reperfusion period.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of 3 concentrations of sevoflurane pretreatment on acute lung injury induced by endotoxin in rats. Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:a control group(Group A), a sevoflurane group(Group B), a 3.6% sevoflurane pretreatment group(Group C), a 2.4% Sevoflurane pretreatment group(Group D), a 1.2% sevo sevoflurane pretreatment group(Group E), and lipopolysaccharide (Group F).The rats were killed 6 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline injection.Histological examinations of the lung tissues were performed with light microscope. Lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) mRNA expression were assayed. Results Introvenous LPS significantly aggravated lung tissue damage,increased lung W/D ratio, MPO activity, and lung ICAM-1 mRNA expression compared with the control group(P＜0.05). Precondition with 2.4% sevoflurane significantly attenuated the above mentioned changes induced by LPS (P＜0.05). The 3.6% LPS (Group C) significantly attenuated lung tissue damage and decreased MPO activity,lung ICAM-1 mRNA expression compared with the Group F (P＜0.05),but no significant change in lung W/D ratio was seen (P＞0.05). MPO activity was significantly decreased in Group E (P＜0.05), but lung W/D ratio and lung ICAM- 1 mRNA expression had no significant changes (P＞0.05).Conclusion Precondition with 2.4% sevoflurane can reduce LPS induced lung injury in rats. Decreased expression of ICAM-1 and less accumulation of neutrophils were participated in its mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish the ischemic precondition ([PC) model of PC12 cell line in vitro, and to explore the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the IPC cerebral protection. Method PC12 cells were cultured and used for producing the model of ischemie precondition by the way of oxygen-glucose deprivation. Twenty dishes of cells were randomly divided into four groups (5 dishes for each group): control group, ischemic precondition group (IPC),non-ischemic precondition group (NIPC) and L-NAME treatment group (L-NAME). In control group, the cells were in-cubated with low glucose (<1 g/L) and2% FBS medium in normal oxygen; in IPC group, the cells were administrated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 hours, and then subjected with reperfuaion before OGD 15 hours; in NIPC group, the cells were treated the same as control group for 6 hours, and then subjected with reperfusion before OGD 15 hours; in L-NAME group, the cells received L-NAME (1 mmol/L) and cocultured for 30 minutes before OGD 6 hours, and then received the same treatment as the IPC group. To test whether the model was established, metabolic rate of MIT, LDH release were measured and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry following oxygen-glucose deprivation 15 hours. The activity of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) was as-sessed by biochemical assay. One-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison test were used to analyze differences among different groups, and P<0.05 was considered different. Results Compared with NIPC group, the metabolic rate of MTT increased (94.9%±35.1%, P<0.05), while LDH release and the cell apoptotic rate decreased significantly in IPC group (279.1%±28.1%, P<0.03). Compared with control group(100.0%± 13.5%),the activities of NOS increased both in NIPC and IPC groups (390.0%±14.6%, P<0.01;126.3% ±10.6%, P<0.01). Moreover, the apoptosis rates in each group (control group, IPC group, NIPC group and L-NAME group) were 5.90, 8.73, 38.62 and 11.73%,respectively. Conclusions IPC reduces the death and apoptosis rate of PC12 cell after oxygen-glucose deprivation injury. NO might be involved, but it is not the only factor.
ABSTRACT
Articular cartilage defect rarely heals spontaneously due to its avascularity and low cellularity. Even small articular cartilage defects can develop into osteoarthritis, and subsequently, its management has been a major clinical concern. Although there are several treatment options for cartilage defect, no treatment has been established as a gold standard procedure. Bone marrow stimulation techniques which is equivalent to microfracture these days has been adapted as first line treatment, attributed to their technical easiness and minimal invasiveness to patients. However, this procedure has limitation in reproducing hyaline cartilage, so recent cell-based therapies using autologous chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells have drawn particular attention. MSCs regardless of its origin have shown significant potential for chondrogenesis. Novel approaches using MSCs as an alternative cell source for patient derived chondrocytes are currently on trial. In this review, stem cells from various origins considered as cell sources and potential application of mesenchymal stem cells to promote cartilage repair will be discussed. While differentiation of stem cell can be well controlled in vitro, it is not easy to predict the course of differentiation when the stem cell is transplanted. Some novel methods using physical stimulation and material based techniques for differentiation control are introduced in this context. Such differentiation control will be beneficial when it is adapted before transplantation. We call it preconditioning.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Marrow , Cartilage , Cartilage, Articular , Chondrocytes , Chondrogenesis , Hyaline Cartilage , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Osteoarthritis , Physical Stimulation , Stem Cells , Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy , TransplantsABSTRACT
In this paper,a great many examples of misusing statistics analyzing the quantitative data are unveiled. Obviously,it is extremely important for people to process the quantitative data correctly by checking the preconditons of data and discriminating the types of experimental designs. It is necessary for researchers to learn more knowledge of how to analyze the quantitative data rationally, so it is important to develop qualified text book to support the education.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of preconditioning with lithium on the expressions of HSP70 in gerbil after global ischemia. Methods: The transient ischemia model of gerbil global was established by clamping the bilateral common carotid arteries for 5 min.36 gerbils were randomly divided into group lithium(n=18) and group control(n=18).Gerbils in group lithium were injected with lithium intraperitoneally,5 mmol/kg,once a day for 5 consecutive days.Normal saline was used instead of lithium in group control as vehicle control.Both group lithium and control underwent ischemia after preconditioning,and were then further divided into three subgroups(n=6,in each subgroup).The garbles in lithium 1 or control 1 subgroup were sacrificed 1 day after ischemi;lithium 3 or control 3 sacrificed in 3 days;and lithium 7 or control 7 were sacrificed in 7 days.The brains were made into paraffin sections and were used for immunohistochemistry against HSP70. Results: Compared with the vehicle control,the HSP70 expression in subgroup lithium1 was inhibited in the hippocampus CA1(P
ABSTRACT
Objective To construct HSP27 eukaryotic expression plasmids. Methods Full-length HSP27 gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from breast cancer cell line MCS-7 and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pAAV-MCS. After the recombinant plasmids transfected into NIH3T3 cells, the expression of HSP27 protein in the host cells was characterized by ECL Western blotting. Results Full-length HSP27 gene was amplified by RT-PCR correctly. The correct cloning of HSP27 gene in pAAV-MCS was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. ECL Western blotting results indicated that the target gene could express in the mammalian cell line NIH3T3. Conclusion Recombinant plasmid HSP27/pAAV-MCS had been cloned successfully, which would provide the foundation for investigating the role and the mechanism of HSP27 in the ischemia precondition of kidney.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the protective effect of verapamil against ischemia reperfusion injury when liver was resected.Methods The routine Pringle's maneuver hepatic vascular occlusion in 18～20min. Thirty-nine patients for resection of liver with cirrhosis were randomly divided into two groups, Verapamil group (n=20), the 20 patients with hepatectomy were given by 5mg verapamil through right gastroepiploic vein before blocking porta hepatis.Physiologic saline group (n=19), were injected by 20ml saline in the same way.The variation of postoperative liver function were measured.Liver intracellular [Ca 2+ ]i and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) after being reperfused for 1h were measured as well as the hepatic histopathologic alterations were also examined.Results The levels of intracellular [Ca 2+ ]i concentrations,alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)from the verapamil group increment less than those of the physiologic saline group(P
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the protective role of transient focal ischemic precondition(PC) against permanent focal cerebral ischemia, to define the proper time dose for precondition, and to study the reaction of astroglia in cerebral ischemic tolerance. Methods Temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion(10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes) followed three day reperfusion before permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(PMCAO) transcranially was used as precondition in Wistar rats. The protective role was evaluated by observing the neurological deficits, analyzing the infarct volume and studying changes of pathohistology. The reaction of astroglia was observed by using anti GFAP immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the control group, 20 min ischemic precondition, which did not produce neuronal damage obviously, alleviated the neurological deficits and reduced the infarct volume significantly( P
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning(IP) on liver ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats with cirrhosis.Methods Thirty-two SD rats with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride were randomly divided into IP group and Non-IP(NIP) group,according to whether an IP was performed before liver I/R injury or not.The function of liver, superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),malonyldialdehyde(MDA),adenine nucleotide(ATP,ADP,AMP),energy charge(EC),nitric oxide(NO)in liver tissues,the changes in liver histology,and one-week survival rate after the test in both groups were compared.Results Compared with NIP group,the serum AST,ALT ,and LDH and the MDA contents significantly decreased(P
ABSTRACT
Aim To study the protective effects of pharmacological preconditioning induced by sodiumferulate(SF)on isolated rat heart and its machanisms.Methods Isolated SD rat hearts were divided randomly into 5 groups : Control group (hearts were perfused by oxygenated perfusate for 100 minutes); Ischemia/Reperfusion(I/R) group (hearts suffered from 40 min global ischemia/30 min reperfusion after oxygenated perfusate for 30 minutes); Ischemia preconditioning group(hearts were preconditioned by 3 periods of 5-minute global ischemia/5-minute reperfusion before it suffered from I/R); SF group (previously hearts were perfused with oxygenated perfusate administered with 1.69 mmol?L-1 SF then subjected to I/R); Glibenclamide group (previously hearts were perfused with oxygenated perfusate administered with 1.69 mmol?L-1SF and 30 ?mol?L-1 Glibenclamide before it suffered from I/R). Results Compared with I/R group, 1.69 mmol?L-1 SF precondition improved significantly heart function, reduced the incidence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias, alleviated calcium overload in myocardial cell; furthered activities of Na+,K-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in myocardium. These effects were attenuated by 30 ?mol?L-1 Glibenclamide.Conclusions SF precondition can improve heart function and resist arrhythmia and Ca2+-overload. The cardioprotective effects of SF precondition maybe related with the opening of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels.